This article throws light upon the three main routes of drug administration. The parenteral administration route is the most effective and common form of delivery for active drug substances with metabolic bioavailabilities drug for which the bioavailability in limited by high first pass metabolism effect of other physicochemical limitation and for drugs with a narrow therapeutic index. Enteral administration involves the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines. Selecting a right route of drug administration by a physician improves patients health. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in. Oilinwater emulsion formulations are useful for the parenteral administration of drugs which have significant delivery problems. Intravenous administration merits bypass first pass metabolism100% quick onset of action in uncooperative and unconscious patients those with nausea and vomiting hypertonic solutions and irritants large volumes amount of drug can be controlled accurately demerits antiseptic conditions depend on others painful and riskycant be recalled.
The path taken by the drug to get into the body is known as the route of drug administration. Intravenous route advantages iv is the most common parenteral route. In pharmacology, the route of drug administration is important because it affects drug metabolism, drug clearance, and thus dosage. Oral route oral refers to two methods of administration. Unlike taking medications orally or rectally, introducing a drug into the body by parenteral administration. The enteral route usually refers to taking drugs by mouth.
Routes of drug administration intravenous iv drugs may be given into a peripheral vein over 1 to 2 minutes or longer by infusion. Advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route. It is a method of delivering the drug directly into the blood stream without having to pass the oral or alimentary mucous layer. Syringes and needles come in many sizes and are selected according to the route the medication is to be given, the patients body size, the viscosity or thickness of the. Routes of drug administration covers topics about parenteral and enteral routes of drug administration. Parenteral dosage forms are intended for administration as an injection or infusion. Parenteral drug administration chapter 7 medication safety.
Drugs are introduced into the body by several routes. Methods of administration include oral, sublingual, and rectal. Administration of the nutrients is accomplished via a central venous catheter, usually inserted in the superior vena cava. Parenteral routes routes of administration other than enteral route are called parenteral routes. Sep 30, 2016 parenteral route of administration of drugs teachglobal. This route of administration is possible if the drug is in liquid dosage form. The route of administration, constant rate of flow required, and potential patient sensitivity to the elements administered, all contribute to the potential complications of parenteral nutrition. Most drugs can be administered by a variety of routes. Pdf common routes of drug administration monica may lopez. Reasons for choosing a parenteral route over the oral route include drugs with low oral bioavailability, patients who are unable to take the drug by mouth e. Routes of drug administration oral po oral administration will be covered in more detail in subsequent chapters. Parenteral route of administration of drugs teachglobal.
Drugs are usually injected into the muscle of the upper arm, thigh, or buttock. Start studying parenteral routes of drug administration. Parenteral administration refers to any nonoral means of medicine administration but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. Route of administration of biotech products liposome. Drug administration drugs merck manuals consumer version. Iv delivery permits a rapid effect and a maximal degree of control over the circulating levels of the drug. However, most drugs cannot be taken this way because they may be absorbed incompletely or erratically. Parenteral definition of parenteral by medical dictionary. Parenteral route of administration of drugs youtube. The legal and professional consequences of administering drugs via enteral feeding tubes 38 8. Because the muscles lie below the skin and fatty tissues, a longer needle is used. This type of administration route exhibits several advantages, such as firstpass metabolism avoidance, better bioavailability, and reliable dosage.
Guidelines usfda 6 rights right patient right drug right dose right time right route right documentation 3 4. While many routes of parenteral administration are available, all of which bypass the intestinal tract, the intravenous, intramuscular, and subcutaneous routes of administration are the most commonly used. Choice of medication formulation alimemazine trimeprazine tartrate25 7. Health professionals must demonstrate their competence before taking responsibility for parenteral administration.
Sc administrat ion of drugs consists in injecting them under the skin into the adipose layer. Parenteral equipment and supplies there is a multitude of equipment and supplies available for the delivery of parenteral medications. Parenteral injection i parenteral route i route of. The term parenteral is usually used for drugs given by injection or infusion. Parenteral route of administration and dosage forms a drug given parenterally is one given by a route other than the mouth topical dosage forms are considered separately. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and intravenous iv. Parenteral routes of drug administration basicmedical key. Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drug administrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock shi et al. The intramuscular route is preferred to the subcutaneous route when larger volumes of a drug product are needed. Mar 10, 2017 routes of parenteral administration 1. It may be in the form of tablets, capsules, syrup, emulsions. Routes of administration and dosage forms pharmacology.
Dosage form design may also be used modify the rate of absorption. Chapter formulation development of parenteral products. Parenteral routes of drug administration flashcards quizlet. This route is risky but has many advantages than the oral route of drug administration. Common injection types are intravenous into a vein, subcutaneous under the skin, and intramuscular into muscle. It can provide fluids, electrolytes, and nutrition.
Systemic route a enteral route b parenteral route 1. Routes of administration of a drug are determined by its physical and chemical properties, patient characteristics and the rapidity of response desired. Given by injection into a vein intravenously, iv, into a muscle. The three main parenteral routes of drug administration are iv, im, and sc, and in all cases administration is usually via a hollow needle. The popular routes of parenteral administration are. The use of oilinwater emulsions as a vehicle for parenteral. Alternative routes of drug administration transdermal. A route of administration in pharmacy is the path by which a drug is taken into the body. Parenteral routes of drug administration clinical point ia injection of bcnu carmustine. Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug.
The common parenteral routes are listed in table 7. Routes of drug administration play a major role in a medical treatment. The parenteral route of administration does have its disadvantages. The rectum is devoid of villi, thus absorption is often slow. These advantages include safety, good patient compliance, ease of ingestion, pain avoidance, and versatility to accommodate various types of drugs sastry et al. The book discusses the anatomy and physiology of administration sites. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the complete article. Route of administration wikimili, the best wikipedia reader. The drugs administration by this route generally affects to the part to which they are applied. Infusions typically are given by intravenous route.
A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison, or other substance is taken into the body routes of administration are generally classified by the location at which the substance is applied. Oral route is the most common route of drug administration. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages and. Parenteral administration is via a peripheral or central vein. Route of drug administration with selection parameters in simple hindi. Oral drug administration an overview sciencedirect topics. The parenteral route of drug administration is now considered the most effective route as it provides a rapid onset of action, a good bioavailability of the drugs and a reliable option for drug. Parenteral drug administration refers to drugs given by routes other than the digestive tract.
There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than. Parenteral drug administration an overview sciencedirect. One method of classifying routes of administration is enteral and parenteral. The iv route is the fastest method for delivering systemic drugs.
The term parenteral is applied to preparations administered by injection through one or more layer of skin tissue. Routes of drug administration advantages of inhalation rapid action of the drug, with local effects with in the respiratory tract potent drugs may be given in small. Drugs may be incorporated into emulsion formulations either by emulsification of the drug dissolved in the oil phase, or by extemporaneous addition of a concentrated solution in a cosolvent to a commercial i. A route of administration in pharmacology and toxicology is the path by which a drug, fluid. The choice of appropriate route in a given situation depends both on drug as well as patient related factors.
Routes of drug administration ppt pdf 10 routes of drug administration. Iso 11239 dosage form df and route of administration roa specifies data elements and structure that uniquely, and with certainty, identifies pharmaceutical dosage forms, units of presentation. Intravenous injection used when a rapid clinical response is necessary, e. Parenteral administration medications can be delivered into the body through a variety of routes. Parenteral preparations circumvent the intestinal tract and, therefore, are not subject to pharmacodynamic properties.
Though the mechanisms of action of drugs delivered by these routes are different, they offer a common advantage increased therapeutic index with simultaneously decreased side effects. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. A free powerpoint ppt presentation displayed as a flash slide show on id. Parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of. The administration of suppositories is usually reserved for situations in which oral administration is difficult. Route of administration of biotech products free download as powerpoint presentation. A route of administration is the path by which a drug, fluid, poison or other substance is brought into contact with the body. Parenteral administration is preferred at times over other drugadministrations routes, such as in emergency situations of cardiac arrest and anaphylactic shock shi et al. The term parenteral route defines that any route other than the gastrointestinal enteral and the word is derived from paraother than and enteron or gut 12,18,33. Drug administration drugs msd manual consumer version. Route of drug administration is the medium in which any drug is introduced into the body for its action. Figures and tables can be seen in the attached printfriendly pdf file of the. Routes of parenteral administration linkedin slideshare. The parenteral route allows medications to be directly absorbed into the body quickly and more predictably.
Parenteral definition, taken into the body in a manner other than through the digestive canal. Rapid injections are used to treat epileptic seizures, acute asthma, or cardiac arrhythmias. Table 11 lists various routes and locations of delivery of parenteral admin istration. There are five commonly used routes of parenteral route other than digestive tract administration. Routes of administration an overview sciencedirect topics. Parenteral drug administration is carried out directly through the skin, in or towards systemic. The sublingual route is especially good for nitroglycerin, which is used to relieve angina, because absorption is rapid and the drug immediately enters the bloodstream without first passing through the intestinal wall and liver. Health and safety and clinical risk management 47 9. The common parenteral routes are intramuscular im, subcutaneous sc and. Jan 01, 2014 advantages and disadvantages of the parenteral route. Sep 10, 2011 parenteral drug administration means any nonoral means of administration, but is generally interpreted as relating to injecting directly into the body, bypassing the skin and mucous membranes. How to download notes in pdf from solution pharmacy facebook group using laptop. Absorption after oral administration can be quite variable.
A scheme of the different sites for parenteral drug administration is presented in figure 6. Drug delivery characteristics and pharmacodynamic properties vary depending on the route of administration chosen for the drug. Intravenous the injection of a drug directly into the patients veins is the most rapid route of administration, resulting in the most rapid onset of action. In this route of administration the drug does not pass through the gastrointestinal tract. Parenteral drug administration their types, advantages. The oral route of administration is the safest, most economical and the most convenient way of giving medicines. This route is more frequently used in small children.
190 128 1279 1093 994 302 268 704 1487 816 1422 1448 856 384 818 292 1368 1236 387 1063 321 1310 361 1371 377 1027 1343 414 1366 828 1179 390 304